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Unit Eleven
Western Civilization
THE
SECOND WORLD WAR AND BEYOND2b
ESSENTIAL
QUESTIONS:
1. GROWTH OF THE NATION-STATE: How has the rise of the Nation as a
political,
economic,
social and cultural institution influenced world events?
2. WARFARE;
How has the nature of War and
Peace impacted world history?
3. ECONOMIC GROWTH: How has the evolution of Economic Systems, as well as
technological developments, impacted world civilization?
4. THE ARTS: How do the Arts reflect the evolution of Western culture?
The period after the First World War to
the end of the Second World War may be one of the most interesting periods in
world history. Certainly a lot happened
in those twenty-six years. This unit
will attempt to trace some of those events and whatever we have time for in the
post-war period.
We will start with Modern Art. What is Modern Art? This question is still as fresh today as the
day Picasso painted “Les Demoiselles
d’Avignon” at the beginning of the twentieth century. We will try to answer that question and
survey the whole art movement. We shall
also examine the whole period between the two world wars as the democracies
falter and fascism gets its start. We
shall look specifically at events in England, France and Germany. Why do England and France remain democratic
while Germany will become a fascist dictatorship? Could England and France have become fascist dictatorships? We will particularly trace some of the
events of the young Adolf Hitler as he rises to power. We will try to understand what events shaped
his character and what motivated the man.
The theory of fascism will also be closely examined. It is hard for us to believe but in the
1930’s and even into the 1940’ many people believed that this was the wave of
the future. Even the United States had
its own fascist movement. We then will
briefly survey the road to war in both Europe and Asia.
The events of the Second World War, both
in Europe and Asia will be survey. We
will attempt to cover some of the areas you did not cover in 10th
and 11th grade. We will
explore why the allied countries won as well as how they won. The Holocaust will also be studied as we
conclude the war. We will look at some
of the new research as we attempt to explain and examine this event.
Whatever time we have left in this unit
will be left to tracing the post-war developments in England, France, Germany
and the European Union, in that order. The
future direction of Europe within a world context will also be discussed.
1. What is Modern Art?
2. Why were the western democracies not able to stand up to fascism?
3. How did Hitler rise to power?
4. What is fascism?
5. What were the causes of the war in Europe? What were the causes of the war in Asia?
6. How did the Allies win World War II?
7. What were the major events in Post-War Europe?
Modern Art “Les
Demoiselles d’Avignon”
Weimar Republic Locarno Treaty
Popular
Front Governments “The
Easter Rising”
Frederick Ebert Gustav Stressemann
Proportionate
Representation Article 48
Hyperinflation Spartacist Revolution
Paul
von Hindenburg Benito Mussolini
March on Rome Francisco Franco
Ramsay MacDonald Neville
Chamberlain
1938
Non-aggression Pact Marco Polo Bridge
The Reichstag Fire “Positive
Christianity”
Adolf Eichmann The Enabling Act
Nuremberg Laws Joseph Goebbels
Spanish Civil War “Night of the Long Knives“
German
Rearmament Fall
of France
Austria “Anschluss” Battle of Britain
Czechoslovakia, 1938 Battle
of El Alamein
Munich Conference Battle
of the Atlantic
Pearl
Harbor Normandy Invasion
Battle of Guadalcanal Battle of Okinawa
Island Hopping
Campaign Battle of Leyte Gulf
M-4 Sherman Tank Bletchley Park
Philippine Campaign Battle of Iwo Jima
General MacArthur General
Eisenhower
Appeasement Greater
East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Mein Kampf National Socialist
German Workers Party
Einsatzgruppen Death
Camps
United
Nations Security Council
Charles de Gaulle Nationalization
Colonial War
in Algeria Colonial War in Viet Nam
Federal Republic of
Germany Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
European Union (EU) Fifth Republic
1881 Pablo
Picasso born in Spain
1907 Picasso
paints “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon”
1917-1918 Weimar
Coalition formed
Nov. 9, 1918 Republic of Germany proclaimed
Nov. 11, 1918 Armistice Signed
Nov. 28, 1918 Kaiser Abdicates
1919 Weimar
Constitution establishes a republic in Germany
January 18, 1919 Paris
settlements to end the war begin
Spartacist
Rebellion (Communists) in Germany
August
10, 1920 Last
Treaty of Paris signed
1920 Kapp Putsch
1922 Mussolini’s March on Rome
1923 French troops occupy Ruhr Valley
Beer Hall Putsch - Hitler goes to jail
1924
Hitler published Mein Kampf
1931 Fall of the Monarchy
in Spain; Liberals take over
September 18, 1931 Japan attacks
Manchuria; Manchuko established
January
30, 1933 Hitler invited to become Chancellor
Feb, 1933 The Reichstag burns
March 23, 1933 Enabling Act gives Hitler dictatorial power.
June, 1933 Nazis
open Dachau concentration camp.
June
30, 1934 The “Night of
the Long Knives.”
August 2, 1934 President Hindenburg dies
March 7, 1934 German troops occupy the Rhineland.
Nuremberg laws prohibit Jews from most professions
July 19, 1936 Franco arrives in Spain, Civil war begins
April, 1937 Guernica destroyed by aerial bombing
July 7, 1937 Incident at Marco Polo Bridge begins war between Japan
and China
March, 1938 “Anchluss” of Austria
1938 Munich pact, Czechoslovakia dismembered
Nov
9, 1938 Kristallnacht
- The Night of Broken Glass.
April,
1939 End
of the Spanish Civil War
August 23, 1939 Nazis and Soviets sign Pact.
September
1, 1939 Germany
invades Poland- World War II begins
Spring,
1940 Germany
knocks France out of the war
Summer-Fall, 1940 Battle of
Britain
Dec 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor
June, 1942 Battle of Midway
August, 1942 Battle
of Guadalcanal
Spring, 1943 Battle
of El Alamein
July 25, 1943 Mussolini deposed by the Italian government.
Winter, 1943 Battle
of Stalingrad
Winter, 1944-45 Philippine
Campaign
June 6, 1944 Normandy
Invasion
Dec, 1944 Battle of Bulge
Winter, 1945 Battle
of Iwo Jima
Spring, 1945 Battle
of Okinawa
April, 1945 Hitler and Mussolini
die
June 26, 1945 United
Nations Charter is signed in San Francisco
May 7,1945 V-E Day
August 6, 1945 Atomic
bomb dropped on Hiroshima
August 8, 1945 Second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki
August 14, 1945 V-J Day
September 2, 1945 Japan surrenders
to Allied forces
1951 Process
of European unification begun with formation of
the European Coal and Steel Community
with France
and Germany leading the way
1958 Common
Market founded
1965
European Economic Community
(EEC) founded,
will
become the European Community, (EC), and then
the European Union (EU)
1975 Franco
dies in Spain
1979
Picasso
dies in Spain
1991
Treaty of Maastrict
establishes a goal of common European
currency and banking system by 1999.
1999
EMU and euro launched
in eleven EU countries
2000
EU
leaders formally proclaim the Charter
of
Fundamental Rights of the European Union
2002
Euro established as
sole currency
2003
England announces it
will put off adopting Euro
March, 2004 Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia,
Romania,
Slovakia
and Slovenia formally welcomed into
NATO as
new members.
April, 2004
NATO signs agreements
establishing Russian
military
liaison offices at Nato HQ.
May 1, 2004 Newest round of members
admitted to EU
Membership at 25 nations
October, 2004 Constitution of the EU signed by members
2005
Voters in
France and Netherlands turn down EU
Constitution
2007 Bulgaria and Romania set to join the EU
Ambrose, Stephen E. June 6, 1944: The Climatic Battle of
World War II. (1994).
Brokaw, Tom. The Greatest Generation. (1998).
Cornwell,
John. Hitler's Pope:
The Secret History of Pius XII. (1999).
Dawidowicz, Lucy S. The War Against
the Jews, 1933-1945. (1991).
Drea, Edward. Macarthurs Ultra: Codebreaking And The War Against Japan,
1942-1945. (1992).
Eisenhower, Dwight. Crusade in Europe (1948, repr. 1951).
Goldhagen,
Daniel. Hitler's
Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust.
(1996).
Keegan, John. The Second World War. (1990).
Hartmann, Susan M. The Home Front and Beyond: American Women in the
1940s. (1982).
Hilberg, Raul. The Destruction
of the European Jews. (1985).
Hogg, Ian V. Dictionary of World War II. (1996).).
Keegan, John. The Second World War. (1990).
Parrish, Thomas. The
Ultra Americans: The U.S. Role In Breaking The Nazi Codes. (1986).
Pinson, K.S. Modern
Germany. (1966).
Polmar, Norman B., and Thomas B. Allen. World War II: America At War, 1941-1945.
(1991).
Prange, Gordon. At Dawn We Slept: The
Untold Story Of Pearl Harbor. (1981).
Trevor-Roper, H. R. The
Last Days of Hitler (1956).
Rubin, William. Les
Demoiselles d’Avignon (Studies in Modern Art, No. 3.). (1995).
Speer, Albert. Inside the
Third Reich. (1970).
Taylor, A.J.P. The Origins Of The Second World War. (1962).
Taylor, A. J. P. The Struggle for Mastery of Europe. (1954)
B. Web Sites:
Pablo Picasso - http://www.artchive.com/artchive/P/picasso.html
Pablo Picasso - http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/picasso_pablo.html
Marcel Duchamp - http://www.understandingduchamp.com/
Modern Art - http://www.moma.org/
Modern Art - http://www.sfmoma.org/MSoMA/
Modern Europe - http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook.html
Fascism – http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook42.html
Fascism – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism
Fascism – http://www.remember.org/hist.root.what.html
Holocaust – http://www.holocaust-history.org/
Holocaust – http://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/default.htm
Holocaust
timeline – http://www.holocaust-history.org/
Nazi Germany
– http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERnazigermany.htm
Nazi Germany
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany
Nazi
Germany - http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/alevel/modern_european_nazigermany.shtml
Fascist Italian -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism
Spanish Civil War
– http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/9820/
World War Two - http://www.euronet.nl/users/wilfried/ww2/ww2.htm
World War Two - http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwtwo/
World War Two – http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/ww2time.htm
World War Two –
Maps - http://www.onwar.com/maps/wwii/
World
War Two – Women - http://userpages.aug.com/captbarb/femvets5.html
Russia
- http://www-math.mit.edu/~igorvp/Russia/russia.html
Nationalism -http://www.wisc.edu/nationalism/
Imperial Germany - http://www.germanculture.com.ua/library/history/bl_imperial_germany.htm
European Union -
http://europa.eu.int/index_en.htm
